Acne
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What Is Acne?
Acne is a disease that affects the skin's oil glands. The small holes in your skin (pores) connect to oil glands under the skin. These glands make an oily substance called sebum. The pores connect to the glands by a canal called a follicle. Inside the follicles, oil carries dead skin cells to the surface of the skin. A thin hair also grows through the follicle and out to the skin. When the follicle of a skin gland clogs up, a pimple grows.
Most pimples are found on the face, neck, back, chest, and shoulders. Acne is not a serious health threat but, it can cause scars.
How Does Acne Develop?
Sometimes, the hair, sebum, and skin cells clump together into a plug. The bacteria in the plug causes swelling. Then when the plug starts to break down, a pimple grows.
There are many types of pimples. The most common types are:
* Whiteheads. These are pimples that stay under the surface of the skin.
* Blackheads. These pimples rise to the skin's surface and look black. The black color is not from dirt.
* Papules. These are small pink bumps that can be tender.
* Pustules. These pimples are red at the bottom and have pus on top.
* Nodules. These are large, painful, solid pimples that are deep in the skin.
* Cysts. These deep, painful, pus-filled pimples can cause scars.
Who Gets Acne?
Acne is the most common skin disease. Nearly 17 million people in the United States have it. People of all races and ages get acne. But it is most common in teenagers and young adults. Nearly 85 percent of people between the ages of 12 and 24 get acne. For most people, acne goes away by age 30. But some people in their forties and fifties still get acne.
What Causes Acne?
The cause of acne is unknown. Doctors think certain factors might cause it:
* The hormone increase in teenage years (this can cause the oil glands to plug up more often)
* Hormone changes during pregnancy
* Starting or stopping birth control pills
* Heredity (if your parents had acne, you might get it, too)
* Some types of medicine
* Greasy makeup.
How Is Acne Treated?
Acne is treated by doctors who work with skin problems (dermatologists). Treatment tries to:
* Heal pimples
* Stop new pimples from forming
* Prevent scarring
* Help reduce the embarrassment of having acne.
Early treatment is the best way to prevent scars. Your doctor may suggest over-the-counter (OTC) or prescription drugs. Some acne medicines are put right on the skin. Other medicines are pills that you swallow. The doctor may tell you to use more than one medicine.
How Should People With Acne Care for Their Skin?
Here are some ways to care for skin if you have acne:
* Clean skin gently. Use a mild cleanser in the morning, evening, and after heavy workouts. Scrubbing the skin does not stop acne. It can even make the problem worse.
* Try not to touch your skin. People who squeeze, pinch, or pick their pimples can get scars or dark spots on their skin.
* Shave carefully. If you shave, you can try both electric and safety razors to see which works best. With safety razors, use a sharp blade. Also, it helps to soften your beard with soap and water before putting on shaving cream. Shave lightly and only when you have to.
* Stay out of the sun. Many acne medicines can make people more likely to sunburn. Being in the sun a lot can also make skin wrinkle and raise the risk of skin cancer.
* Choose makeup carefully. All makeup should be oil free. Look for the word noncomedogenic on the label. This means that the makeup will not clog up your pores. But some people still get acne even if they use these products.
What Things Can Make Acne Worse?
Some things can make acne worse:
* Changing hormone levels in teenage girls and adult women 2 to 7 days before their period starts
* Pressure from bike helmets, backpacks, or tight collars
* Pollution and high humidity
* Squeezing or picking at pimples
* Hard scrubbing of the skin.
What Are Some Myths About the Causes of Acne?
There are many myths about what causes acne. Dirty skin and stress do not cause acne. Also, chocolate and greasy foods do not cause acne in most people.
Source: National Institutes of Health
Scientists at National Cancer Center publish research in cancer genetics
2009 JUL 27 - (NewsRx.com) -- Scientists discuss in 'FGFR2 abnormalities underlie a spectrum of bone, skin, and cancer pathologies' new findings in cancer. "Fibroblast growth factor receptor (FGFR)2 is regulated on the basis of the balance of FGFs, heparan-sulfate proteoglycans, FGFR2 isoforms, endogenous inhibitors, and microRNAs. FGFR2 signals cross-talk with hedgehog, bone morphogenetic protein, and other regulatory networks," scientists writing in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology report. "Some cases of congenital skeletal disorders with an FGFR2 mutation show skin phenotypes, including acne, cutis gyrata, and acanthosis nigricans. Gain-of-function mutations or variations of human FGFR2 occur in estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer, diffuse-type gastric cancer, and endometrial uterine cancer. Oral administration of AZD2171 or Ki23057 inhibits in vivo proliferation of cancer cells with aberrant FGFR2 activation in rodent therapeutic models. However, loss-of-function mutations of FGFR2 are reported in human melanoma. Conditional Fgfr2b knockout in the rodent epidermis leads to increased macrophage infiltration to the dermis and adipose tissue, epidermal thickening accompanied by basal-layer dysplasia and parakeratosis, and the promotion of chemically induced squamous-cell carcinoma," wrote M. Katoh and colleagues, National Cancer Center. The researchers concluded: "Dysregulation of FGFR2 results in a spectrum of bone and skin pathologies and several types of cancer." Katoh and colleagues published their study in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology (FGFR2 abnormalities underlie a spectrum of bone, skin, and cancer pathologies. Journal of Investigative Dermatology, 2009;129(8):1861-7). Additional information can be obtained by contacting M. Katoh, Genetics and Cell Biology Section, National Cancer Center, Tokyo, Japan. The publisher of the Journal of Investigative Dermatology can be contacted at: Nature Publishing Group, 345 Park Avenue South, New York, NY 10010-1707, USA. Keywords: Japan, Tokyo, Cancer Genetics, Acanthosis Nigricans, Acne Vulgaris, Bone, Breast Cancer, Breast Carcinoma, Dermatology, Gastric Cancer, Gastric Carcinoma, Oncology, Uterine Cancer, Uterine Carcinoma, Women's Health. This article was prepared by Clinical Oncology Week editors from staff and other reports. Copyright 2009, Clinical Oncology Week via NewsRx.com.
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