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Studies from Cornell University in the area of spectroscopy published
2009 JUL 21 - (NewsRx.com) -- According to recent research published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, "Small molecule metabolites play important roles in Caenorhabditis elegans biology, but effective approaches for identifying their chemical structures are lacking. Recent studies revealed that a family of glycosides, the ascarosides, differentially regulate C. elegans development and behavior." "Low concentrations of ascarosides attract males and thus appear to be part of the C. elegans sex pheromone, whereas higher concentrations induce developmental arrest at the dauer stage, an alternative, nonaging larval stage. The ascarosides act synergistically, which presented challenges for their identification via traditional activity-guided fractionation. As a result the chemical characterization of the dauer and male attracting pheromones remained incomplete. Here, we describe the identification of several additional pheromone components by using a recently developed NMR-spectroscopic approach, differential analysis by 2D NMR spectroscopy (DANS), which simplifies linking small molecule metabolites with their biological function. DANS-based comparison of wild-type C. elegans and a signaling-deficient mutant, daf-22, enabled identification of 3 known and 4 previously undescribed ascarosides, including a compound that features a p-aminobenzoic acid subunit. Biological testing of synthetic samples of these compounds revealed additional evidence for synergy and provided insights into structure-activity relationships. Using a combination of the three most active ascarosides allowed full reconstitution of the male-attracting activity of wild-type pheromone extract. Our results highlight the efficacy of DANS as a method for identifying small-molecule metabolites and placing them within a specific genetic context," wrote C. Pungaliya and colleagues, Cornell University. The researchers concluded: "This study further supports the hypothesis that ascarosides represent a structurally diverse set of nematode signaling molecules regulating major life history traits." Pungaliya and colleagues published their study in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America (A shortcut to identifying small molecule signals that regulate behavior and development in Caenorhabditis elegans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009;106(19):7708-7713). For additional information, contact F.C. Schroeder, Cornell University, Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA. The publisher's contact information for the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America is: National Acad Sciences, 2101 Constitution Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20418, USA. Keywords: United States, Ithaca, Behavior, Spectroscopy, Surgery, Cornell University. This article was prepared by Life Science Weekly editors from staff and other reports. Copyright 2009, Life Science Weekly via NewsRx.com.
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