"The State of Maturation of Monocytes into Macrophages Determines the Effects of IL-4 and IL-13 on HIV Replication."

According to the authors' abstract of an article published in Journal of Immunology, "The molecular mechanisms of the effects of IL-4 and IL-13 on HIV infection in human monocytes as they matured into monocyte-derived macrophages over 7 days were investigated using HIV-1(BaL) and low passage clinical strains. IL-4 and IL-13 upregulated the expression of both genomic and spliced HIV mRNA in monocytes cultured on Teflon, as determined by Northern analysis and p24 Ag assay. Using a nuclear run-on assay, IL-4 stimulation was shown to enhance transcription by two- to threefold, IL-4 stimulated nuclear factor-kappa B nuclear translocation and binding before enhancement of HIV RNA expression. ...

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