"Immunomodulatory Effects of Morphine on Chemokines and Their Receptor Gone Expression in Human Microglial Cell Line, U373."

According to an abstract submitted by the authors to the First International Congress on Cytokines/Chemokines in Infectious Diseases, held September 8-10, 1999, in Bethesda, Maryland, "Evidence exists for the role of opioids as cofactors in susceptibility to and progression of HIV-1 infections. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects remain to be determined. Restricted HIV-1 infection of neuronal or glial cells in vitro also has been reported. Since the brain is a principal target organ not only for HIV but also for the effects of opioids, we hypothesize that opioids mediate enhancement of HIV-1 infection and associated encephalopathy, through modulation of the...

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