"Development and Testing of Permanent Circulatory Support Systems at Penn State."

According to an abstract submitted by the authors to a meeting held November 30 - December 2, 1998, in Japan, in which abstracts were published in the Japanese Journal of Transplantation, Volume 33, 1998, "In 1970, development of a temporary ventricular assist device (VAD) and total artificial heart (TAM) was initiated by William S. Pierce, M.D. Successful clinical use of the VAD began in 1976; that device is currently a commercial product manufactured by Thoratec. Beginning in 1985, the Penn State TAH was used in five patients for bridge-to-transplant support. In the late 1970's, it became apparent that there was a need for permanent circulatory assist devices. Penn State began...

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