"Immunomodulatory Properties of Antineoplastic Drugs Administered in Conjunction with GM-CSF-Secreting Cancer Cell Vaccines."

According to the authors' abstract of an article published in International Journal of Oncology, "Cancer cells genetically modified to secrete immunoregulatory cytokines offer great promise for human cancer treatment as tumor vaccines. However, in preclinical animal studies, large established cancer burdens have appeared difficult to eradicate with such vaccines. For example, lethally-irradiated GM-CSF-secreting CT26 colon carcinoma cell vaccine therapy tends to cure only animals bearing 1x10⁵ wild-type CT26 cells or less. For many human cancers, antineoplastic chemotherapy can often significantly reduce systemic cancer burdens. Unfortunately, for most advanced metastatic...

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