"Adjuvant Activity of the Heat-Labile Enterotoxin from Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli for Oral Administration of Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccine."

According to the authors' abstract of an article published in Journal of Infectious Diseases, "Alternative strategies for vaccination against influenza that elicit both systemic antibody and mucosal IgA responses are needed to improve the efficacy in protection against infection. This study demonstrated that oral delivery of inactivated influenza vaccine with the heat-labile enterotoxin (LT) from enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli elicited the spectrum of humoral and cell-mediated responses in BALB/c mice critical for the protection and recovery from influenza virus infection. Coadministration of LT with oral influenza vaccine increased antiviral serum IgG and mucosal IgA responses...

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