"Effects of Frequent Intranasal Administration of Adjuvant-Combined Influenza Vaccine on the Protection Against Virus Infection."

According to the authors' abstract of an article published in Vaccine, "In previous papers, we have shown that Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin B subunit, supplemented with a trace amount of the holotoxin (LTB*) could be used as a potent adjuvant for a nasal influenza HA (haemagglutinin) vaccine in humans. The present study was designed to determine whether the effectiveness of a combined LTB*-HA vaccine could be limited by preexisting immunity to LTB and how many times the adjuvant-combined vaccine could be administered intranasally without reducing its protective efficacy in BALB/c, C3H and B10 mice. The magnitude of both nasal and serum Ab responses to HA vaccine was...

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