"Development and Characterization of a Cytokine-Secreting Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma Vaccine From Primary Tumors for Use in Clinical Trials."

According to the authors' abstract of an article published in Cancer Journal from Scientific American, "Preclinical studies with murine tumor models have demonstrated that tumor cell vaccines engineered to secrete certain cytokines in a paracrine fashion elicit systemic immune responses capable of eliminating small amounts of established tumor. In particular, tumors that express the cytokine GM-CSF produce potent systemic antitumor immune responses against poorly immunogenic murine tumors. These results have encouraged the development of paracrine-cytokine secreting tumor vaccines for gene therapy of human cancer. GM-CSF recruits professional antigen-presenting cells, which in turn...

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